History of Egypt


INTRODUCTION
THE ORIGINSEgyptians history may have started in the Paleolithic era even thoughthat part of its history must consist entirely of hypotheses andsuppositions. At that period the valley of the Nile was very different from whatit is today. The river must have covered almost the whole region and this fact,together with a climate which was undoubtedly much more humid, would haveresulted in unlimited expanses of marshland stretching right up to the Delta.The climate started to change at the end of the Paleolithic period and thiscaused the Nile to change its course to that which it follows today.
The slowbut progressive change of the neighboring areas into desert led to human lifebeing concentrated along the fertile banks of the river. In the Neolithic periodwhose beginning can be taken to be about 10,000 B.C., there were already twodistinct ethnic groups originating from two very different regions. A groupof African race from central Africa and a second group of Mediterraneanrace which had its origins in the heart of Asia. To these two must be added athird group, believed to come from the legendary Atlantis, which must havearrived in the Nile valley via Libya. Two centers of civilization developed, onein the north of the country concentrated in the Delta where it created the firsturban centre Merimda, the other in the south around Tasa.
Thus the Egyptian population was divided into two even at this remoteperiod and not withstanding the subsequent unification of the country this hasleft its mark in the division into « hesep » or provinces which the Greekscalled « nomi », Upper Egypt having 22 and Lower Egypt 20. This was the dawn ofEgyptian civilization, the period which the Egyptians themselves called the «time of God » when Osiris sat on the throne of Egypt. This terrestrial reign isdescribed in documents known as The Pyramid Texts. Osiris, accordingto legend, united the two parts of the population but the unity did notlast long. It is only from about 3200 B.C. that one can start to talk aboutEgyptian history in any serioussense
Documents
THE MIDDLE KINGDOM

Memphis

Dahshur

Abydos

THE SOCIETY OF ANCIENT EGYPT

Medinet Habu

Mejdum

The Ramesseum

Dendera

HIEROGLYPHIC WRITING

EGYPTIAN RELIGION

THE NEW KINGDOM

FUNERAL PRACTICES AND MUMMIFICATION

THE NILE

Unity between Upper and Lower Egypt

Egyptian Revolution of 1919

Inthe wake of World War I, the Egyptian Delegation party, known as theWafd ,was formed and headed by Saad Zaghlul ...
THE OLD KINGDOM

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